Women language Essay Example for Free

Women language Essay One of the debates which is of long standing within the study of linguistics is concerned with whether women speak in a language and perceive situations in a manner significantly different from that of men. Many theorists both feminists and anti-feminists have attempted to prove that women do indeed speak in a different way from men; and that there is such a thing as the â€Å"women language†. The debate attempts to place in context matters such as sex differences in linguistic behavior at the level of phonology and to a lesser extent grammar. The concepts upon which the debate has been built however reflect, to a greater or lesser extent, the influence of feminism over the past two decades. Feminism has fore grounded issues of gender differences and male domination in society; it has prompted a concern with putting women ‘on the map’ and a critical reappraisal of feminist and non-feminist research. The discussions on gender linguistics therefore focus on the feminist projects of ‘redressing the balance’, as manifested in the academic field of languages. Phonology Cognitive research on gender differences has drawn interest from linguistic experts and language scholars. Holmes and Meyeroff (2003, p. 144), the research more often than not directs itself to the hypothesis that women posses much better verbal skills than men. Most of the studies have drawn the conclusion that there are in fact differences based on gender, in verbal performance and verbal cognitive processing. It is often believed that females are far better in reading and posses much stronger language acquisition skills than males. Many scholars equate this probability to the phonological superiority possessed by women, (Christie 2002, p. 102). The difference in phonological ability is often attributed by some researchers and scholars to the structure of the brain which in this case favors the female. Studies suggest that the left hemisphere of the brain which is much more developed in males is superior in mathematical and scientific processing and analysis (direct speech). On the other hand the right hemisphere (much highly developed) in females is much more superior in word structure, grammar recognition and verbalization (indirect speech), (Christie 2002, p. 104). However the evidence provided to support this theory has often drawn inconsistent results making it much difficult to prove. Another school of researchers in linguistics suggests that culture is the main foundation for any form of language processing and development. For this school of scholars the role of women as caregivers in society makes them much more sensitive in their speech structure and verbalization. They know that they must be more knowledgeable in the different aspects of language and speech, (Holmes and Meyerhoff 2003, p. 142). The women are the first teachers for the child and therefore they take much more time to understand the speech techniques and pronunciation so they can be able to direct the children much easily. The men’s social role as providers on the other hand, pre-disposes them to poor performance in reading, sounds and sentence structure. This means that women easily develop direct and indirect speech much easily than men. Men are much better at direct speech. Use of Slang In historical society and the study of linguistics, women have been given the conservative linguistic role while men are often considered much more creative, and innovative in their language use. In traditional societies, subordination of women denied them the chance to use creative, innovative language that violated the speech protocol. It is from this perspective that many scholars develop the notion that women are less likely to develop â€Å"slang† or terms considered as â€Å"slang† in their speech. Medieval society put in place taboos and regulations that denied women the chance to distort conventional language regulations. Women had to use respectable language, refrain from swearing and insults; and use properly structured words and sentences. Grammatical errors and poor pronunciations were frowned upon, a woman’s speech was considered a reflection of her character and conduct, (Christie, 2000, p. 154). Surprisingly this practice is still present in today’s modernized society. We all have a tendency to judge and draw conclusions regarding an individual’s character from their command of conventional language, moreso women. Although there is no evidence that the use of ‘slang’ is more predominant in a specific gender than the other; it is found that men revert to the use of ‘slang’ terminologies much more easily than women. Even when women are influenced by the use of ‘slang’ and they incorporate ‘slang’ terminologies in their speech, the difference can be seen from the choice of terminologies. Women tend to use more euphemistic terminologies, while men apply complete use of ‘slang’ vocabulary. Use of Polite Speech In any form of communication, the speaker often hopes to get respect from his audience or the people he is speaking to. The difference in language and speech comes from how the women and men perceive respect. While the men view fear and admirations as forms of respect, women view agreement, generosity and sympathy as the measures of respect. Socio-linguists use this reason to explain why women are much more pre-disposed to the use of polite language than men. The mutual agreement is that women find polite language to be much more productive than men who prefer aggressive terms. Men are socialized by society to use rougher and more commanding language than women. Women on the hand are required to â€Å"act like ladies†, be respectable and meek. Coates (1998, p. 87) women are much more likely to use polite words such as please, excuse me and thank you than men. Women identify with the lesser classes and the abused or misused, and find it natural to appreciate others. Men on the other hand are socialized to demand action, appreciation and praise especially from women. Though being male does not necessarily mean that one is rude and arrogant, it does mean that the person is less likely to say please or thank you. In written literature, feminist scholars have often insinuated that female writers have developed what is known as the â€Å"female sentence†, which is structured to appeal to the polite nature of the female reader as well as the writer. Women are socialized to be much more submissive, as young girls for example sharing use of polite language and general respect to others is applauded. On the other hand boys are encouraged to be much more aggressive and demanding. It is this form of socialization rather than the biological composition of gender that linguists believe conditions women to be much more polite than men. Conversation Dominance A study conducted in 1975 by psychologist and linguist Zimmerman and West, based on a turn taking conversation model revealed that men are much more likely to dominate a conversation through interruption than females, (as quoted in Coates 1998,p. 161). Men feel the need to be dominant in all areas of their life, always commanding the full attention of others. They employ strategies such as interruption, questions in the middle of sentences and change of topics to maintain the dominance of the conversation. Men are well versed in strategies such as ‘no response’, interrupting, poor and inadequate responses and silence employed to change the path of the conversation to what suits them best. Eckert and McConnell- Ginnet (2003, p. 121) state that women may resort to arguments and shouting much easily when ignored, but they also tend to calm and compromise easily. However men are much more adamant, they can become completely uncooperative when ignored. While women have a tendency to imply what they would like to address or their wants and needs, men just tend to come out and directly demand what they want. Men are more confident with voicing their own needs even when they are infringing on some one else’s needs and time. As children parents and the society in general socializes the young girl to be more compromising allowing the male to get the attention they seem to thrive on. The male on the other hand is socialized to fight for and demand this attention. Conclusion The analysis of language and speech in gender provides a reflection of the cultural roles and status in society. The biological composition of each sex is less important in the development of language as compared to the socialization patterns utilized by different cultures. In general women are much more likely to develop subjective language and speech, easily influenced by the people they are speaking to. Men however are much more technical and object oriented in their language and speech, incorporating as little emotion as they can. To understand the difference in speech and language between men and women, one must first understand the gender roles and status defined by specific cultures. Works Cited 1. Christie Christine. Gender and Language: Towards Feminist Pragmatics. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press . 2000. 2. Coates Jennifer. Language and Gender: A Reader. Massachusetts. Blackwell Publishing 1998. 3. Eckert Penelope and McConnell -Ginet Sally. Language and Gender. United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press. 2003 4. Holmes Janet and Meyerhoff Miriam. Handbook of Language and Gender. Massachusetts. Blackwell Publishers. 2003.

Historic Preservation Districts Essays -- American History, Policies

Historic preservation districts. Introduction, Historic preservation is a planning device that has been around since the twentieth century, the term came about in 1966. This policy was established to protect U.S. physical history, this history being geographic locations, and buildings that are of small or great importance to its city or region. â€Å"While historic preservation takes place at the local, state, and national levels, the putative goal in all cases is the preservation of properties with historical and/or aesthetic appeal that would otherwise be neglected or even demolished† (Coulson, 2004). The policy came from a good place, meaningfully wonting to preserve our history by deeming geographic locations and building to be historic, however the policy in some ways lost its luster not sticking to it true roots. A concise history of U.S Preservation Policy. â€Å"Historic preservation as a U.S policy began in the 1966 when Congress authorized the Department of War to maintain national landmarks†(Hamer, 2000). According to Benson (1998), â€Å"After the Civil War, the national parks system was established and made the Departments of War and Interior jointly administered all National Sites† (Benson 1998). Though a series of Federal legislative actions such as the 1935 Historic Sites Act, the 1949 National Trust for historic Preservation Act, where created to promote the cause nationwide. The 1966 National Historic Preservation Act, set the stage for comprehensive programs in the 1970s. There was a national response to historic preservation as a result of the Tax Reform Act of 1976, which forced Americans to look at their social and economic priorities. Historic preservation defined. Historic preservation policy can be defined acc... ...ves, and goals to make them more compatible with modern urban planning and real estate development. Conclusion and my thoughts. Historic districts have evolved from the preserving a single house at a time, to the preserving of districts and neighborhoods. This practice eventually led up to the comprehensive application of the discipline. Historic Preservation came from a special place, a place that helps us to remember our history. As I did my research I could not help but notice that the multiplication of historic districts since 1966 has caused this discipline to lose its grass roots advocacy. In the years following 1966 the concept moved from an outstanding, and non-typical idea towards the idea that it should showcase the representative and the typical. Moreover, the idea of historic preservation still works but not in the original intended way.

Talk Shows

If social order is not a given, if it is not encoded in our DNA, then to some extent we are always in the process of producing â€Å"virtual realities,† some more functional than others. Habits, routines, and institutions are the patterns that create the â€Å"world taken for granted. † Knowledge of how to behave is contained in cultural scripts that are themselves products of human interaction and communication about the nature of â€Å"reality. † Shame, guilt, embarrassment are controlling feelings that arise from â€Å"speaking the unspeakable† and from violating cultural taboos. Society is a result of its boundaries,of what it will and won’t allow. As we watch, listen, and are entertained, TV talk shows are rewriting our cultural scripts, altering our perceptions, our social relationships, and our relationships to the natural world. TV talk shows offer us a world of blurred boundaries. Cultural distinctions between public and private, credible and incredible witnesses, truth and falseness, good and evil, sickness and irresponsibility, normal and abnormal, therapy and exploitation, intimate and stranger, fragmentation and community are manipulated and erased for our distraction and entertainment. A community in real time and place exhibits longevity, an interdependence based on common interests, daily concerns, mutual obligations, norms, kinship, friendship, loyalty, and local knowledge, and real physical structures, not just shared information. If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you are motivated to help put it out, or at least interested in having it put out, because you care about your neighbor and the fire is a threat to your own house. Television talk shows create an ersatz community, without any of the social and personal responsibilities that are attached to real life. Therapy as entertainment is the appeal of these shows. The so-called hosts rely on the cynical use of the therapeutic model for psychological sound bites. The need to educate and inform the audience is the voiced rationale for getting the so-called guests to give ever more titillating details of their misdeeds, or of the misdeeds done to them by family or friends (often not on the show). The underlying assumption — that most social pathology is the result of a medical problem beyond the control of the so-called â€Å"victim† — encourages, at least indirectly, people to come on to these shows confessing outrageous stories of anti-social behavior to millions of strangers. Rather than being mortified, ashamed, or trying to hide their stigma, â€Å"guests† willingly and eagerly discuss their child molesting, sexual quirks, and criminal records in an effort to seek â€Å"understanding† for their particular disease. Yet these people remain caricatures, plucked out of the context of their real lives, unimportant except for their entertaining problem. (In real life someone might question the benefits of publicly confessing to people who really don’t care about you or don’t have the expertise to give advice. Exploitation, voyeurism, peeping Toms, freak shows all come to mind. ) The central distortion that these shows propound is that they give useful therapy to guests and useful advice to the audience. And that they are not primarily designed to extract the most riveting and most entertaining emotional displays from participants. This leads to such self-serving and silly speeches by hosts as: â€Å"I ask this question not to pry in your business but to educate parents in our audience† (Oprah, trying to get graphic details from a female guest who claims to have been sodomized by her father) and â€Å"Do I understand, Lisa, that intercourse began with your dad at age 12, and oral sex between 5 and 12? Do I understand that you were beaten before and after the sexual encounters? (Phil, reading from prepared notes, to a crying teenager). The audience at various points in the hour has a chance to get on television too. Their questions are often rude by conventional standards and reinforce the host’s requests for more potentially entertaining details. Their advice ranges from merely simplistic, under the circumstances, to misleading and erroneous. For example, in a recent Sally Jessy Raphael Show entitled â€Å"When Your Best Friend Is Sleeping With Your Father,† the daughters on stage were advised to â€Å"just love them both and accept the situation. † The most problematic part of this is the generally nonjudgmental tenor of the dialogue. Society’s conventions are flouted with impunity, and the hidden message is that the way to get on television is to be as outrageous and antisocial as possible. The 20 million home viewers have no direct contact, physically, with the social situation in the studio. Home viewers can be listening to people recounting concentration camp horrors while popping a frozen dinner into the microwave. The ordinary, everyday world of the home audience is made bizarre by the contrasting tales of horror and woe they are only half listening to. The viewer has two basic options: He or she can, like the hero of Nathanael West’s tragic Miss Lonelyhearts, go crazy listening to these stories of hideous pain and pathology. Or he or she must become inured, apathetic, or amused, or, to use the darkly delicious German word schadenfreude, he or she may get a deep sense of glee at another’s misfortunes. People come into view, talk, cry, disappear, and in between we watch the commercials for consumer products that promise to improve our lives. Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? revolves around the seemingly out-of-place confessions by a husband and wife of their most private life together to two guests in their home who are virtual strangers. Traditional expectations of polite formalities and barriers are constantly breached within the action of the play. The husband, at one point says, â€Å"Aww, that was nice, I think we’ve been having a, a real good evening, all things considered. We’ve sat around, and got to know each other, and had fun and games.. .† Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? , however disconcerting to the audience, is just a play with actors. Television talk shows are arenas for real people. Their manipulation by â€Å"hosts,† who alternate between mocking, a patronizing cynicism (†I want to be as smart as you someday† — Phil), and a carefully constructed verisimilitude of caring (†Thank you for sharing that with us† — Oprah) must have repercussions for the â€Å"guests† after the show is over. These people may really be seeking help or understanding. Appropriate reactions seem virtually impossible under the circumstances. We the viewing audience have entertained ourselves at the disasters of real lives. This is one of the more shameless aspects of the talk show spectacle. As passive witnesses, we consume others’ misfortunes without feeling any responsibility to do anything to intervene.

Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval...

1. Functions of a Database Management System Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS) †¢ Storage, Access And Provide DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. †¢ Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents. †¢ Provide Free Catalog DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users. †¢ Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents. †¢ Supports Transactions The transaction is a unit of work that contains several commands up-date the data. †¢ Coding of the content indicators. †¢ Concurrency control Database Management System (DBMS) to ensure accurate updated database correctly if many users update the database simultaneously. †¢ Organized storage of those documents and their indicators in separate files. †¢ Recovery From Failure System Database Management System (DBMS) provides facilities to restore the database in the event of damage †¢ Development of operational search strategies. †¢ Authorization Services The facility is to ensure that the right people are allowed to achieve its data. †¢ Physical dissemination of the retrieval result. †¢ Utility Services Facilities for maintaining databases through data editing, deletion of records, build new files and so on. †¢ Integrity Services Change data must follow the constraints or conditions that have been determined. This facility is to maintain data consistency. 2. 0 Differences betweenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1102 Words   |  5 Pages1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) DBMS offer advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language for modelling and manipulating data. IRS do not offer an advance DMF. Usually data modelling in IRS is restricted to classification of objects. Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraintsRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1117 Words   |  5 PagesBETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES â€Æ' 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1527 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer: What is database management system? Database Management System is a database program. The DBMS manage incoming data, organize it, and provided ways for the data to be modified or extract by users or other programs. This cause, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. For example, commonRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval Systems766 Words   |  3 Pages1. Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. (up to one page) [30 % marks] Database Management System A Database management system (DBMS) main software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating in a computer system. DBMS performs a few important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database. The first function is security, which components that restrict accessRead MoreDatabase Mangement and Retrieval System1425 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Database Management System (as known as DBMS) is a set of application that enable user to create, edit, update, store and retrieve data from database files. By using DBMS, data in a database can be added, deleted, changed, sorted and searched. DBMSs are usually used to manage employee information of a big company, customer information and stock information. By using the DBMS,Read MoreMultimedia Big Data Management Processing And Analysis1269 Words   |  6 PagesBIG DATA MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS After categorizing multimedia big data, the next important phase in the data management cycle is its processing and analysis. So far, the possible types, sources and perspectives of multimedia big data have been highlighted; but this is only the first of the necessary stages in big data management. Generally, the stages involved in big data processing and analysis include data acquisition, data extraction, data representation, modeling, analysis and interpretationRead MoreDigital Images Requires Improved Methods For Sorting, Browsing And Searching Through Ever Growing Image Database1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital images requires improved methods for sorting, browsing and searching through ever-growing image databases. CBIR systems are search engines for image databases, which index images according to their content. This paper presents the systematic review for CBIR systems specific to the feature extraction techniques and compares the performance and features along with limitations. Keywords: CBIR System, Image Feature Extraction, Similarity Measurement I. Introduction The advancement in computer technologiesRead MoreInformation Technology And The Business Model1517 Words   |  7 PagesEBay uses information technology to perform and operate its business model. EBay was very successful in using information technology in its business model as an online retailer. Information technology is a terminology where computers and telecommunication equipments are being used to store, retrieve, and transfer data. Being said, eBay, who operates an online auctioning and retailing industry, uses information technology to achieve its business goal in customer relationship management, communicationRead MoreDbms Function978 Words   |  4 Pages1. While users were updating the Premiere Products database, one of the transactions was interrupted. You need to explain to management what steps the DBMS will take to correct the database. Using the sample log in Figure 7-1 1, list and describe the updates that the DBMS will roll back if transaction 2 is interrupted at 8: 10. In transaction 2, the DBMS started it at 8:01, added an Orders table record at 8:02, and added an Order Line table record at8:05 and added an Order Line table record at 8:09 Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval... 1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) DBMS offer advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language for modelling and manipulating data. IRS do not offer an advance DMF. Usually data modelling in IRS is restricted to classification of objects. Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraints. In IRS such validation mechanisms are less developed. DBMS provides precise semantics. IRS most of the time provides imprecise semantics. DBMS has structured data format. IRS is characterised by unstructured data format. Query specification is†¦show more content†¦3.1 COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM Diagram above shown the components of an information retrieval system. There are three components which is input, processor and output. Starting with the input, when the retrieval system is online, it is possible for the user to change his request during one search session in the light of a sample retrieval, thereby it is hoped that improving the subsequent retrieval run. Such a procedure is commonly referred to as feedback. The processor the part that retrieval system concerned with the retrieval process. The process may involve structuring the information in some appropriate way. It will also involve performing the actual retrieval function which is executing the search strategy in response to a query. In the diagram, the documents have been placed in a separate box to emphasis the fact that they are not just input but can be used during retrieval process. Finally come to the output which is usually a set of citations or document number. 4. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA 4.1 STRUCTURED DATA The structured data means data that could be identified because it is organised in a structure. The standard form of structured data is a database where particular information is stored based on a methods of columns and rows. Structured data also can be look up by data type within content. Structured data is understood by computers and is also efficientlyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1117 Words   |  5 PagesBETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES â€Æ' 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1527 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer: What is database management system? Database Management System is a database program. The DBMS manage incoming data, organize it, and provided ways for the data to be modified or extract by users or other programs. This cause, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. For example, commonRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems992 Words   |  4 Pages1. Functions of a Database Management System Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS) †¢ Storage, Access And Provide DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. †¢ Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents. †¢ Provide Free Catalog DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users. †¢ Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents. †¢ Supports TransactionsRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval Systems766 Words   |  3 Pages1. Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. (up to one page) [30 % marks] Database Management System A Database management system (DBMS) main software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating in a computer system. DBMS performs a few important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database. The first function is security, which components that restrict accessRead MoreDatabase Mangement and Retrieval System1425 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Database Management System (as known as DBMS) is a set of application that enable user to create, edit, update, store and retrieve data from database files. By using DBMS, data in a database can be added, deleted, changed, sorted and searched. DBMSs are usually used to manage employee information of a big company, customer information and stock information. By using the DBMS,Read MoreMultimedia Big Data Management Processing And Analysis1269 Words   |  6 PagesBIG DATA MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS After categorizing multimedia big data, the next important phase in the data management cycle is its processing and analysis. So far, the possible types, sources and perspectives of multimedia big data have been highlighted; but this is only the first of the necessary stages in big data management. Generally, the stages involved in big data processing and analysis include data acquisition, data extraction, data representation, modeling, analysis and interpretationRead MoreDigital Images Requires Improved Methods For Sorting, Browsing And Searching Through Ever Growing Image Database1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital images requires improved methods for sorting, browsing and searching through ever-growing image databases. CBIR systems are search engines for image databases, which index images according to their content. This paper presents the systematic review for CBIR systems specific to the feature extraction techniques and compares the performance and features along with limitations. Keywords: CBIR System, Image Feature Extraction, Similarity Measurement I. Introduction The advancement in computer technologiesRead MoreInformation Technology And The Business Model1517 Words   |  7 PagesEBay uses information technology to perform and operate its business model. EBay was very successful in using information technology in its business model as an online retailer. Information technology is a terminology where computers and telecommunication equipments are being used to store, retrieve, and transfer data. Being said, eBay, who operates an online auctioning and retailing industry, uses information technology to achieve its business goal in customer relationship management, communicationRead MoreDbms Function978 Words   |  4 Pages1. While users were updating the Premiere Products database, one of the transactions was interrupted. You need to explain to management what steps the DBMS will take to correct the database. Using the sample log in Figure 7-1 1, list and describe the updates that the DBMS will roll back if transaction 2 is interrupted at 8: 10. In transaction 2, the DBMS started it at 8:01, added an Orders table record at 8:02, and added an Order Line table record at8:05 and added an Order Line table record at 8:09 Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval... Table of Contents 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES The computer programs within software parcel which in a database, it controlling the administration; storing and recover back the data (fields, records and files),†¦show more content†¦The difference of function between DBMS and IRS is shown at table below:- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) Data Security With this function, the DBMS able to secure the user security and data privacy within the database by determine the user access right – prevent unauthorized user from access and update the database, for example, by using password, only the authorized user allowed to access the database or update the database. A range of entities that stored within the database are attach with access control list which usually specify the group of user that can access and update the entities. An appropriate security control needed so that when user access and sharing the database with the data at different sensitivity level without violating the security. Data Integrity This function is reducing the problem of data integrity such as minimize the data redundancy – same data are stored in more than one place within the database without purpose, and maximize the consistency of data – make sure that the user are retrieve the correct/same data or answer when the same question/task being ask. The DBMS can also ensure that only one user can update the data at one time. With this function, IRS able to analyze the queries from user and then characterize the item in the form that matching the database. Interactive Query The most common queryShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1102 Words   |  5 Pages1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) DBMS offer advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language for modelling and manipulating data. IRS do not offer an advance DMF. Usually data modelling in IRS is restricted to classification of objects. Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraintsRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1527 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer: What is database management system? Database Management System is a database program. The DBMS manage incoming data, organize it, and provided ways for the data to be modified or extract by users or other programs. This cause, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. For example, commonRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems992 Words   |  4 Pages1. Functions of a Database Management System Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS) †¢ Storage, Access And Provide DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. †¢ Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents. †¢ Provide Free Catalog DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users. †¢ Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents. †¢ Supports TransactionsRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval Systems766 Words   |  3 Pages1. Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. (up to one page) [30 % marks] Database Management System A Database management system (DBMS) main software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating in a computer system. DBMS performs a few important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database. The first function is security, which components that restrict accessRead MoreDatabase Mangement and Retrieval System1425 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Database Management System (as known as DBMS) is a set of application that enable user to create, edit, update, store and retrieve data from database files. By using DBMS, data in a database can be added, deleted, changed, sorted and searched. DBMSs are usually used to manage employee information of a big company, customer information and stock information. By using the DBMS,Read MoreMultimedia Big Data Management Processing And Analysis1269 Words   |  6 PagesBIG DATA MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS After categorizing multimedia big data, the next important phase in the data management cycle is its processing and analysis. So far, the possible types, sources and perspectives of multimedia big data have been highlighted; but this is only the first of the necessary stages in big data management. Generally, the stages involved in big data processing and analysis include data acquisition, data extraction, data representation, modeling, analysis and interpretationRead MoreDigital Images Requires Improved Methods For Sorting, Browsing And Searching Through Ever Growing Image Database1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital images requires improved methods for sorting, browsing and searching through ever-growing image databases. CBIR systems are search engines for image databases, which index images according to their content. This paper presents the systematic review for CBIR systems specific to the feature extraction techniques and compares the performance and features along with limitations. Keywords: CBIR System, Image Feature Extraction, Similarity Measurement I. Introduction The advancement in computer technologiesRead MoreInformation Technology And The Business Model1517 Words   |  7 PagesEBay uses information technology to perform and operate its business model. EBay was very successful in using information technology in its business model as an online retailer. Information technology is a terminology where computers and telecommunication equipments are being used to store, retrieve, and transfer data. Being said, eBay, who operates an online auctioning and retailing industry, uses information technology to achieve its business goal in customer relationship management, communicationRead MoreDbms Function978 Words   |  4 Pages1. While users were updating the Premiere Products database, one of the transactions was interrupted. You need to explain to management what steps the DBMS will take to correct the database. Using the sample log in Figure 7-1 1, list and describe the updates that the DBMS will roll back if transaction 2 is interrupted at 8: 10. In transaction 2, the DBMS started it at 8:01, added an Orders table record at 8:02, and added an Order Line table record at8:05 and added an Order Line table record at 8:09